EMPIRICAL DISPROOFS OF GOD
1. COSMOLOGICAL DISPROOFS
2. TELEOLOGICAL DISPROOFS
3. EVIDENTIAL EVIL DISPROOFS
4. NONBELIEF DISPROOFS
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1. COSMOLOGICAL DISPROOFS
Disproof from the contingency of the universe
Nicholas Everitt,
"The Argument from Imperfection: A New Proof of the Nonexistence of God,"
Philo 9, no. 2 (2006): 113-30
https://philarchive.org/archive/EVETAF-3
Disproof from relativistic cosmology
Quentin Smith,
“Atheism, Theism, and Big Bang Cosmology,”
Australasian Journal of Philosophy 69 (1991): 48-65
Reprinted in M.Martin & R.Monnier (eds.), The Improbabillity of God (2006), pp. 41-60
www.infidels.org/library/modern/quentin_smith/cosmology.html
Quentin Smith,
“A Defense of the Cosmological Argument for God’s Nonexistence,”
W.L.Craig &Q.Smith(eds.),Theism, Atheism,& BigBang Cosmology (1993), pp.232-55
Reprinted in M.Martin & R.Monnier (eds.), The Improbability of God (2006), pp. 61-81
www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198263838.001.0001/acprof-9780198263838-chapter-9
Disproofs from quantum cosmology
Quentin Smith,
“Stephen Hawking’s Cosmology and Theism,”
Analysis 54 (1994): 236-43
Reprinted in M.Martin & R.Monnier (eds.), The Improbability of God (2006), pp. 86-93
www.infidels.org/library/modern/quentin_smith/hawking.html
Quentin Smith,
“Why Stephen Hawking’s Cosmology Precludes a Creator,”
Philo 1, no. 1 (1998): 75-93
Reprinted in M.Martin & R.Monnier (eds.), The Improbability of God (2006), pp. 94-106
https://philarchive.org/archive/SMIWSH-5
Victor J. Stenger,
“A Scenario for a Natural Origin of our Universe,”
a slightly shorter version of Philo 9, no. 2 (2006): 93-102
http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/0710/0710.3137.pdf
Lawrence M. Krauss,
A Universe from Nothing: Why There Is Something Rather than Nothing (2012)
Stephen Hawking,
"Is There a God?"
chapter 1 in Stephen Hawking, Brief Answers to the Big Questions (2018)
Disproofs from the laws of physics
Victor J. Stenger,
"The Laws of the Void,"
Has Science Found God? (2003), pp. 187-218
Victor J. Stenger,
The Comprehensible Cosmos: Where Do the Laws of Physics Come From? (2006)
www.scribd.com/doc/90584308
Victor J. Stenger,
"Cosmic Evidence,"
God: The Failed Hypothesis (2007), Ch. 4
2. TELEOLOGICAL DISPROOFS
Anthropic disproofs
Nicholas Everitt,
"Arguments from Scale,"
The Non-Existence of God (2004), pp. 213-26
Reprinted in M.Martin & R.Monnier (eds.), The Improbability of God (2006), pp. 111-24
https://ia803006.us.archive.org/33/items/NicholasEverittTheNonExistenceOfGod/Nicholas%20Everitt%20The%20Non%20Existence%20of-God.pdf
Victor J. Stenger,
"The Anthropic Coincidences: A Natural Explanation,”
The Skeptical Intelligencer 3, no. 3 (1999): 2-17
Reprinted in M.Martin & R.Monnier (eds.), The Improbability of God (2006), pp. 125-49
www.talkreason.org/articles/coincidence.cfm
Michael Ikeda and Bill Jefferys,
“The Anthropic Principle Does Not Support Supernaturalism,”
Reprinted in M.Martin & R.Monnier (eds.), The Improbability of God (2006), pp. 150-66
http://quasar.as.utexas.edu/anthropic.html
Design disproofs
Wesley C. Salmon,
“Religion and Science: A New Look at Hume's Dialogues,”
Philosophical Studies 33 (1978): 143-76,
Reprinted in M.Martin & R.Monnier (eds.), The Improbability of God (2006), pp. 167-93
www.jstor.org/stable/4319203
Michael Martin,
“Atheistic Teleological Arguments,”
Atheism: A Philosophical Justification (1990), pp. 317-33
Reprinted in M.Martin & R.Monnier (eds.), The Improbability of God (2006), pp.198-214
https://ia803006.us.archive.org/2/items/Ath3ismAPhilosophic4l/Atheism_%20A%20Philosophical%20Justification%20%28complete%20copy%29%20%28%20PDFDrive.com%20%29.pdf
Richard Dawkins,
"The Improbability of God,"
Free Inquiry 18, no. 3 (1998): 6-9
Reprinted in M.Martin & R.Monnier (eds.), The Improbability of God, pp. 223-29
https://richarddawkins.net/2014/06/the-improbability-of-god
Bruce and Francis Martin,
"Neither Intelligent nor Designed,"
Skeptical Inquirer 27, no. 6 (2003): 45-49
Reprinted in M.Martin & R.Monnier (eds.), The Improbability of God (2006), pp. 215-22
https://skepticalinquirer.org/2003/11/neither-intelligent-nor-designed
Raymond D. Bradley,
"God, Design, and Evolution: A Teleological Argument for Atheism" (2003)
www.sfu.ca/content/dam/sfu/philosophy/docs/bradley/design_by_god.pdf
Victor J. Stenger,
"The Illusion of Design,"
God: The Failed Hypothesis (2007), Ch. 2
Jerry A. Coyne,
"Does Evolution Improve Theology?" (2010)
http://whyevolutionistrue.wordpress.com/2010/05/09/does-evolution-improve-theology
Abby Hafer,
The Not-So-Intelligent Designer
(2015)
www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1hd1807
Disembodied mind disproofs
Steven J. Conifer,
“Mind-Brain Dependence as Twofold Support for Atheism” (2001)
www.infidels.org/library/modern/steven_conifer/mbd.html
Jeffrey Jay Lowder,
“The Evidential Argument from Physical Minds” (2012)
www.patheos.com/blogs/secularoutpost/2012/06/the-evidential-argument-from-physical-minds.apm
3. EVIDENTIAL EVIL DISPROOFS
Evidential natural evil disproofs
Eric Russert Kraemer,
“Darwin’s Doubts and the Problems of Animal Pain,”
Between the Species 3 (August 2003)
http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1058&context=bts
Quentin Smith,
"An Atheological Argument from Evil Natural Laws,"
International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 29 (1991): 159-74
Reprinted in M.Martin & R.Monnier (eds.), The Improbability of God (2006), pp. 235-49
www.infidels.org/library/modern/quentin_smith/evil_laws.html
Robert Francescotti,
"The Problem of Animal Pain and Suffering,"
J.McBrayer & D.Howard-Snyder (eds.), The Blackwell Companion to the Problem of Evil (2013), pp. 113-27
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118608005.ch8/summary
William L. Rowe,
“The Problem of Evil and Some Varieties of Atheism,”
American Philosophical Quarterly 16 (1979): 335-41
Reprinted in M.Martin & R.Monnier (eds.), The Improbability of God (2006), pp. 250-61
http://homes.chass.utoronto.ca/~ekremer/resources/William%20Rowe.pdf
William L. Rowe,
“Evil and Theodicy,”
Philosophical Topics 16, no. 2 (1988):119-32
Reprinted in M.Martin & R.Monnier (eds.), The Improbability of God (2006), pp. 262-74
www.jstor.org/stable/43154030
William L. Rowe,
“The Evidential Argument from Evil: A Second Look,”
D. Howard-Snyder (ed.), The Evidential Argument from Evil (1996), pp. 262-85
Reprinted in M.Martin & R.Monnier (eds.), The Improbability of God (2006), pp. 275-301
William L. Rowe,
“Reply to Plantinga,”
Nous 32 (1998): 545-52
Reprinted in M.Martin & R.Monnier (eds.), The Improbability of God (2006), pp. 302-10
www.jstor.org/stable/2671875
Robert Bass,
"Many Inscrutable Evils,"
Ars Disputandi 11 (2011): 118-32
www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/15665399.2011.10820061
Robert Bass,
"Inscrutable Evils: Still Numerous, Still Relevant,"
International Journal of Philosophy and Theology 75 (2014): 379-84
www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21692327.2015.1008024#abstract
Andrea M. Weisberger,
"The Pollution Solution: A Critique of Dore's Response to the Argument from Evil,"
Sophia 36 (1997): 53-74
http://infidels.org/library/modern/andrea_weisberger/pollution.html
Andrea M. Weisberger,
"The Non-Concessionary Solutions: Natural Evil” and "The Final Solution,"
Suffering Belief (1999), pp. 101-24, 209-32
Nathan Nobis,
"The Real Problem of Infant and Animal Suffering,”
Philo 5, no. 2 (2002): 216-25
www.academia.edu/823789/The_real_problem_of_infant_and_animal_suffering
G. S. Paul,
"Theodicy’s Problem: A Statistical Look at the Holocaust of the Children and the Implications of Natural Evil for the Free Will and Best of All Possible Worlds Hypotheses,"
Philosophy & Theology 19 (2007): 125–49
http://gregspaul.webs.com/Philosophy&Theology.pdf
Paul Draper,
“God and Evil: A Philosophical Inquiry” (2011)
http://philreligion.nd.edu/assets/44795
David Kyle Johnson,
"Natural Evil and the Simulation Hypothesis,"
Philo 14, no. 2 (2011): 161-75
www.simulation-argument.com/johnson.pdf
Moti Mizrahi,
"The Problem of Natural Inequality: A New Problem of Evil,"
Philosophia 42 (2014): 127-36
http://philpapers.org/archive/MIZTPO
Robert Bass,
"Modal Evil and Divine Necessity" (2015)
Jeff Jordan,
"Evil and Divine Sovereignty,"
International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 88, no. 3 (2020): 273-86
www.researchgate.net/publication/340560764_Evil_and_divine_sovereignty
Luis Oliveira,
"Vagueness and the Problem of Evil: A New Reply to van Inwagen,"
Manuscrito—Revista Internacional de Filosofia 44, no. 4 (2021): 49-82
https://philpapers.org/go.pl?id=OLIVAT&aid=OLIVATv1
Evidential moral evil disproofs
Andrea M. Weisberger,
"Depravity, Divine Responsibility and Moral Evil: A Critique of a New Free Will Defence,"
Religious Studies 31 (1995): 375-90
http://infidels.org/library/modern/andrea_weisberger/depravity.html
Andrea M. Weisberger,
"Moral Evil and Soulmaking,”
Suffering Belief (1999), pp. 125-62, 163-207
Joel Thomas Tierno,
“On the Alleged Connection between Moral Evil and Human Freedom,”
Sophia 40, no. 2 (2001): 1-6
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02782382
Joel Thomas Tierno,
“On the Alleged Connection between Moral Evil and Human Freedom: Response to Nagasawa and Trakakis,”
Sophia 43, no. 1 (2004): 115-26
https://slideheaven.com/on-the-alleged-connection-between-moral-evil-and-human-freedom-response-to-nagas.html
Joel Thomas Tierno,
“On the Alleged Connection between Moral Evil and Human Freedom: A Response to Trakakis' Second Critique,”
Sophia 45, no. 2 (2006): 131-38
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02782488
Joel Thomas Tierno,
“On the Alleged Connection between Moral Evil and Human Freedom: A Response to Trakakis' Third Critique,”
Sophia 47, no. 2 (2008): 223-30
https://slideheaven.com/on-the-alleged-connection-between-moral-evil-and-human-freedom-a-response-to-tra.html
Louise Antony,
"Good Minus God,"
The New York Times (Dec. 18, 2011)
https://web.ics.purdue.edu/~drkelly/AntonyGoodMinusGod2011.pdf
Bruce Russell,
"The Problem of Evil and Replies to Important Responses,"
European Journal for Philosophy of Religion 10, no. 3 (2018): 105-31
https://philpapers.org/archive/RUSTPO-86.pdf
Stephen Maitzen,
"Normative Objections to Theism,"
in G. Oppy (ed.), A Companion to Atheism and Philosophy (2019), pp. 204-15
https://philosophy.acadiau.ca/files/sites/philosophy/resources/documents/Maitzen_NOTT.pdf
Evidential epistemic evil disproofs
Joel Thomas Tierno,
Epistemic Evil: A Third Problem of Evil (2007)
4. NONBELIEF DISPROOFS
Disproofs from widespread nonbelief
Theodore M. Drange,
"The Argument from Nonbelief,"
Religious Studies 29 (1993): 417-32
Reprinted in M.Martin & R.Monnier (eds.), The Improbability of God (2006), pp. 341-56
http://commonsenseatheism.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/Drange-The-Argument-from-Non-Belief.pdf
Theodore M. Drange,
Nonbelief and Evil: Two Arguments for the Nonexistence of God (1998)
Theodore M. Drange,
“McHugh’s Expectations Dashed,”
Philo 5 (2002): 242-48
Reprinted in M.Martin & R.Monnier (eds.), The Improbability of God (2006), pp. 357-61
www.pdcnet.org/collection/show?id=philo_2002_0005_0002_0242_0248&file_type=pdf
Victor Cosculluela,
“Bolstering the Argument from Nonbelief,”
Religious Studies 32 (1996): 507-12
Reprinted in M.Martin & R.Monnier (eds.), The Improbability of God (2006), pp. 362-68
http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=1581164
Stephen Maitzen,
“Divine Hiddenness and the Demographics of Theism,”
Religious Studies 42 (2006): 177-91
http://philosophy.acadiau.ca/tl_files/sites/philosophy/resources/documents/Maitzen_Hiddenness.pdf
Theodore M. Drange,
“The Arguments from Confusion and Biblical Defects,”
M. Martin & R. Monnier (eds.), The Improbability of God (2006), pp. 369-79
www.infidels.org/library/modern/theodore_drange/confusion.html
Guy Axtell,
"The New Problem of Religious Luck,"
Ch. 38 in I. Church & R. Hartman (eds.),
The Routledge Handbook of the Philosophy and Psychology of Luck (2019)
www.academia.edu/37893006/The_New_Problem_of_Religious_Luck
Disproofs from reasonable nonbelief
J. L. Schellenberg,
Divine Hiddenness and Human Reason (1993)
J. L. Schellenberg,
"An Argument for Atheism from the Reasonableness of Nonbelief,"
M. Martin & R. Monnier (eds.), The Improbability of God (2006), pp. 390-404
J. L. Schellenberg,
"Response to Howard-Snyder,"
Canadian Journal of Philosophy 26 (1996): 455-62
Reprinted in M.Martin & R.Monnier (eds.), The Improbability of God (2006), pp.405-12
www.jstor.org/pss/40231958
J. L. Schellenberg,
“Divine Hiddenness Justifies Atheism,”
M.L.Peterson & R.J.VanArragon (eds.), Contemporary Debates in Philosophy of Religion (2004), pp. 30-41
Reprinted in M.Martin & R.Monnier (eds.), The Improbability of God (2006), pp.413-26
Philip Kuchar,
"God, Atheism and Incompatibility: The Argument from Nonbelief" (2001)
www.infidels.org/library/modern/philip_kuchar/anb.html
Robert P. Lovering,
“Divine Hiddenness and Inculpable Ignorance,”
International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 56 (2004): 89-107
www.academia.edu/8152109/Divine_Hiddenness_and_Inculpable_Ignorance
J. L. Schellenberg,
"The Hiddenness Argument Revisited (I),"
Religious Studies 41 (2005): 201-15
https://ia803001.us.archive.org/14/items/SchellenbergTheHiddennessArgumentRevisitedI/Schellenberg-The-hiddenness-argument-revisited-I.pdf
J. L Schellenberg,
"The Hiddenness Argument Revisited (II),"
Religious Studies 41 (2005): 287-303
www.jstor.org/stable/20008599
J. L. Schellenberg,
"What Divine Hiddenness Reveals, or How Weak Theistic Evidence is Strong Atheistic Proof" (2008)
www.infidels.org/library/modern/john_schellenberg/hidden.html
J. L. Schellenberg,
"The Sounds of Silence Stilled: A Reply to Jordan on Hiddenness" (2008)
www.infidels.org/library/modern/john_schellenberg/silence-stilled.html
J. L. Schellenberg,
"The Hiddenness Problem and the Problem of Evil,"
Faith and Philosophy 27 (2010): 45-60
http://philpapers.org/archive/SCHTHP-5.pdf
J. L. Schellenberg,
"Divine Hiddenness,"
P.Draper &C.Talliaferro (eds.), A Companion toPhilosophy ofReligion(2010), pp.509-18
http://philpapers.org/archive/SCHDH.1.pdf
Daniel Linford,
"The Problems of Divine Hiddenness and Divine Inscrutability,"
in G. Oppy & J. W. Koterski (eds.), Theism and Atheism: Opposing Arguments in Philosophy (2019)
https://philpapers.org/archive/LINTPO-49.pdf
Aaron Rizzieri,
"How to Make the Problem of Divine Hiddenness Worse,"
International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 90 (2021): 3-17
www.researchgate.net/publication/349227196_How_to_make_the_problem_of_divine_hiddenness_worse
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